Judgment against me for a debt in Illinois: what to do
Checked against official sources: Oct 25, 2026
In Illinois:
- Claim an exemption after a garnishment or bank levy
- You can claim exemptions at the court date on the citation or wage deduction notice.
- How much of your pay can be taken
- No more than 15% of gross weekly wages, or the amount of disposable earnings above 45 times the higher of the federal or Illinois minimum wage, whichever is less (735 ILCS 5/12-803).
- Do this now
- Get a copy of the judgment from the court clerk, and note the date, the amount, any interest and costs, and the creditor's lawyer.
A judgment is the court's decision that you owe the money. It doesn't take money by itself, but it lets the creditor ask the court to garnish wages, freeze a bank account or put a lien on your home, as your state allows.
More about this
Interest can keep adding up, and a judgment can last many years and often be renewed. State and federal law protect part of your pay and some money, but you often have to claim that protection in time.
General legal information, not legal advice. RobinClaim is not a law firm.
Build your plan
Choose your state and answer 3 quick questions. The plan below changes as you answer: steps that don't fit your answers are hidden, and your state's deadlines appear. Your answers stay in the page address.
Your plan for Illinois
Do now
Get a copy of the judgment from the court clerk, and note the date, the amount, any interest and costs, and the creditor's lawyer.
Why: These show how much you owe now and when each deadline starts.
If you didn't answer because you never got the papers or had a good reason, see the default judgment plan: there is a short deadline to ask the court to set it aside.
Why: If the judgment is set aside, the case reopens and you can defend it.
If you went to court and lost, ask the clerk right away about the deadline to appeal or to ask for a new trial.
Why: These deadlines are short and count from the date of the judgment.
If you agreed to the judgment, read the agreement again for the payment terms and what happens if a payment is late.
Why: A judgment, even an agreed one, is a court order the creditor can enforce under its terms.
Check your state's deadline to claim an exemption, and the deadline on the garnishment or levy notice, and mark it.
Claim an exemption after a garnishment or bank levy
Illinois: You can claim exemptions at the court date on the citation or wage deduction notice.
Why: If you miss it, money the law protects can be paid to the creditor.
Nothing extra here for your answers.
This week
Read your state's rules below on wage garnishment, bank levies and exemptions.
How much of your pay can be taken
Illinois: No more than 15% of gross weekly wages, or the amount of disposable earnings above 45 times the higher of the federal or Illinois minimum wage, whichever is less (735…
Why: For an ordinary debt, federal law lets a creditor take at most 25% of your take-home pay, or the part above 30 times the federal minimum wage if that is less, and many states protect more.
File the claim of exemption with the court or officer named on the garnishment papers; see the wage garnishment plan.
Why: You can ask to keep pay you need to support yourself and your family.
File the claim of exemption for the money in the frozen account that the law protects; see the bank levy plan.
Why: Exempt money must be released, but often only after you claim it.
Tell your bank and the court that the account receives federal benefits. The bank must protect two months of directly deposited federal benefits automatically, and you can claim other protected benefit money.
Why: Federal rules make banks protect up to two months of directly deposited federal benefits, and Social Security can't be garnished by a private creditor.
If you can pay something, contact the creditor's lawyer about a payment plan or a lump-sum settlement, and get the agreement in writing before you pay.
Why: A written agreement can stop or avoid a garnishment and proves what you agreed to.
Nothing extra here for your answers.
If it's not resolved
Keep records of every payment and every amount taken, and ask for a written payoff amount.
Why: So you know when the judgment is paid and collection must stop.
Note how long the judgment lasts in your state and whether it can be renewed.
Illinois: A creditor can enforce a judgment for 7 years after it is entered; after that it must be revived (renewed) in court, and it can be revived up to 20 years after entry.
Why: A judgment may not go away on its own; creditors can often renew it.
When the judgment is paid in full, ask the creditor's lawyer for written proof and ask the clerk how the court records that the judgment is paid.
Why: The court record should show the debt is paid, so it doesn't come back later.
If you have several judgments or can't cover basic needs, ask legal aid about bankruptcy.
Why: A bankruptcy filing stops most garnishments and collection while the case is open.
Nothing extra here for your answers.
Deadlines
Claim an exemption after a garnishment or bank levy
General rule: see state; the deadline is also printed on the notice
In Illinois:
You can claim exemptions at the court date on the citation or wage deduction notice. If your bank account is frozen, you can file the statewide Emergency Motion to Claim Exemption, with a Notice of Court Date and a proposed Order, and send copies to the creditor and your bank (by email, fax, hand delivery or mail). If the judge grants it, bring the Order to your bank to release the money.
Law: 735 ILCS 5/12-1001; 735 ILCS 5/12-1006; 735 ILCS 5/2-1402 · checked Oct 2026 · Official source · From Debt Suit Map: Illinois
How much of your pay can be taken
General rule: Federal: lesser of 25% of disposable earnings or the amount above 30 x federal minimum wage per week; state may protect more
In Illinois:
No more than 15% of gross weekly wages, or the amount of disposable earnings above 45 times the higher of the federal or Illinois minimum wage, whichever is less (735 ILCS 5/12-803). In Illinois this is called a wage deduction.
Law: 735 ILCS 5/12-1001; 735 ILCS 5/12-1006; 735 ILCS 5/2-1402 · checked Oct 2026 · Official source · From Debt Suit Map: Illinois
Freezing a bank account
General rule: see state; two months of directly deposited federal benefits are protected automatically
In Illinois:
The creditor serves a Citation to Discover Assets on your bank, which freezes your accounts. After a consumer debt judgment, $1,000 in a checking or savings account is automatically protected until the court date; it is part of your $4,000 'any property' (wildcard) exemption, which you must claim in court (735 ILCS 5/12-1001.1; 12-1001(b)). Money from Social Security, SSI, disability, pensions, public assistance, child support and unemployment is exempt.
Law: 735 ILCS 5/12-1001; 735 ILCS 5/12-1006; 735 ILCS 5/2-1402 · checked Oct 2026 · Official source · From Debt Suit Map: Illinois
How long the judgment lasts
General rule: see state
In Illinois:
A creditor can enforce a judgment for 7 years after it is entered; after that it must be revived (renewed) in court, and it can be revived up to 20 years after entry. Consumer debt judgments have shorter limits: one entered from January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2025 can be revived only by a petition filed no later than 10 years after it was entered; one entered on or after January 1, 2026 cannot be revived but can be enforced for 15 years after entry. Consumer debt judgments entered before 2020 follow the general 20-year rule.
Law: 735 ILCS 5/2-1303(a), (b); 735 ILCS 5/12-108(a); 735 ILCS 5/2-1602(a), (a-10) (as amended by P.A. 104-120, eff. Jan. 1, 2026) · checked Oct 2026 · Official source · From Debt Suit Map: Illinois
Interest on the judgment
General rule: see state
In Illinois:
9% a year for most judgments. A consumer debt judgment of $25,000 or less entered on or after January 1, 2020 earns 5% a year. You can stop interest from growing by paying (tendering) the judgment, costs and interest owed to that date.
Law: 735 ILCS 5/2-1303(a), (b); 735 ILCS 5/12-108(a); 735 ILCS 5/2-1602(a), (a-10) (as amended by P.A. 104-120, eff. Jan. 1, 2026) · checked Oct 2026 · Official source · From Debt Suit Map: Illinois
Key facts for Illinois
Debt Suit Map
- Time to answer a debt lawsuit
- as few as 30 days
- Shortest time to ask to cancel a default judgment
- 30 days
- Official answer form
- Yes, the court has one
- How long a judgment lasts
- 7 years
Debt Suit Map: Illinois · checked Oct 2026
Debt Collector Map
- Time limit to sue on a debt
- 10 years (written contract), 5 years (open account)
- Wage garnishment limit
- Up to 15%
- State license for collectors
- Yes
Debt Collector Map: Illinois · checked Oct 2026
Documents to gather
- A copy of the judgment
- Garnishment or bank levy notices and any exemption claim form
- Recent pay stubs
- Bank statements showing federal benefit deposits
- Proof of household expenses (rent, utilities, child care)
- Records of every payment you made
Where to go
- LocalThe court that entered the judgment (clerk and self-help center)
To get the judgment, the exemption claim form and a fee waiver
Debt Suit Map: Illinois
- FederalU.S. Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Division
Your employer takes more than the federal limit or fires you over one garnishment
- FederalLegal aid (Legal Services Corporation finder)
You need free legal help and have low or moderate income
- FederalConsumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) complaint
A collector, debt buyer, lender or bank breaks the rules or won't fix a problem
Costs
Filing a claim of exemption is often free; ask the clerk. While the judgment is unpaid, interest and collection costs can keep adding up, at the rate your state sets.
Talk to a lawyer if
- You never knew about the lawsuit
- More than the legal limit is being taken
- You can't pay for rent or food
- You have more than one judgment
- The creditor is trying to take your home or car
Free help
Free civil legal aid for people with low income: find your local program through the Legal Services Corporation (lsc.gov/about-lsc/what-legal-aid/get-legal-help) or LawHelp.org (lawhelp.org). Many legal aid offices handle debt collection lawsuits, default judgments, garnishment and bankruptcy. Servicemembers can use their base legal (JAG) office. Some courts have free volunteer-lawyer programs or self-help centers for debt cases; ask the clerk.
Guides for your state
Guides for every state
Questions
Claim an exemption after a garnishment or bank levy in Illinois: what is the rule?
You can claim exemptions at the court date on the citation or wage deduction notice. If your bank account is frozen, you can file the statewide Emergency Motion to Claim Exemption, with a Notice of Court Date and a proposed Order, and send copies to the creditor and your bank (by email, fax, hand delivery or mail). If the judge grants it, bring the Order to your bank to release the money. (735 ILCS 5/12-1001; 735 ILCS 5/12-1006; 735 ILCS 5/2-1402)
How much of your pay can be taken in Illinois: what is the rule?
No more than 15% of gross weekly wages, or the amount of disposable earnings above 45 times the higher of the federal or Illinois minimum wage, whichever is less (735 ILCS 5/12-803). In Illinois this is called a wage deduction. (735 ILCS 5/12-1001; 735 ILCS 5/12-1006; 735 ILCS 5/2-1402)
Freezing a bank account in Illinois: what is the rule?
The creditor serves a Citation to Discover Assets on your bank, which freezes your accounts. After a consumer debt judgment, $1,000 in a checking or savings account is automatically protected until the court date; it is part of your $4,000 'any property' (wildcard) exemption, which you must claim in court (735 ILCS 5/12-1001.1; 12-1001(b)). Money from Social Security, SSI, disability, pensions, public assistance, child support and unemployment is exempt. (735 ILCS 5/12-1001; 735 ILCS 5/12-1006; 735 ILCS 5/2-1402)
How long the judgment lasts in Illinois: what is the rule?
A creditor can enforce a judgment for 7 years after it is entered; after that it must be revived (renewed) in court, and it can be revived up to 20 years after entry. Consumer debt judgments have shorter limits: one entered from January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2025 can be revived only by a petition filed no later than 10 years after it was entered; one entered on or after January 1, 2026 cannot be revived but can be enforced for 15 years after entry. Consumer debt judgments entered before 2020 follow the general 20-year rule. (735 ILCS 5/2-1303(a), (b); 735 ILCS 5/12-108(a); 735 ILCS 5/2-1602(a), (a-10) (as amended by P.A. 104-120, eff. Jan. 1, 2026))
Interest on the judgment in Illinois: what is the rule?
9% a year for most judgments. A consumer debt judgment of $25,000 or less entered on or after January 1, 2020 earns 5% a year. You can stop interest from growing by paying (tendering) the judgment, costs and interest owed to that date. (735 ILCS 5/2-1303(a), (b); 735 ILCS 5/12-108(a); 735 ILCS 5/2-1602(a), (a-10) (as amended by P.A. 104-120, eff. Jan. 1, 2026))
When should I talk to a lawyer?
You never knew about the lawsuit; More than the legal limit is being taken; You can't pay for rent or food; You have more than one judgment; The creditor is trying to take your home or car.
How much does it cost?
Filing a claim of exemption is often free; ask the clerk. While the judgment is unpaid, interest and collection costs can keep adding up, at the rate your state sets.
Plans by state
Open the plan with one state's rules filled in:
Sources
- CFPB: What is a judgment?
- CFPB: Can a debt collector take or garnish my wages or benefits?
- CFPB: Can a debt collector take my federal benefits, like Social Security or VA payments?
- 15 U.S.C. § 1673 (federal wage garnishment limit)
- 31 CFR part 212 (federal benefits in bank accounts)
- 42 U.S.C. § 407 (Social Security benefits protected from garnishment)
- CFPB: How do I negotiate a settlement with a debt collector?
- CFPB: Submit a complaint
- Legal Services Corporation: Get legal help
Plan checked Oct 2026. Independently fact-checked 2026-10-25.
This plan is general legal information, not legal advice. RobinClaim is not a law firm. Laws and deadlines change and have exceptions: check with the official source or a lawyer or legal aid office about your own case. How we research.